The International Society for Trenchless Technology

See Compression Ring.

Material placed between pipe joints to distribute the jacking loads.

Small-diameter monitoring wells that allow ground water levels or pressures to be monitored.

First, usually steerable, pass of any boring operation which later requires back-reaming or other enlargement. Most commonly applied to guided drilling, directional drilling and 2-pass microtunnelling systems

A multi stage method of accurately installing a product pipe to line and grade by use of a guided pilot tube followed by up-sizing to install the product pipe

Replacement method in which an existing pipe is broken by brittle fracture, using mechanically applied force from within. The pipe fragments are forced into the surrounding ground. At the same time a new pipe, of the same or larger diameter, is drawn in.

Replacement method, usually based on microtunnelling, in which a defective pipe is excavated together with the surrounding ground and a new pipe installed. The microtunnelling shield machine will usually need some crushing capability. The defective pipe may be filled with grout to improve steering performance. Alternatively, a proboscis device to seal the pipe in front of the shield may be used.

A system of directly installing pipes behind a shield machine by hydraulic jacking from a drive shaft such that pipes form a continuous string in the ground.

See Lubrication

Method of replacing small diameter pipes where a new product pipe is attached to the existing pipe which is then pulled out of the ground.

Non-steerable method of forming a bore by driving a steel casing, usually open-ended, with a percussive hammer from a drive pit. The soil may be removed by augering, jetting or compressed air. In appropriate ground conditions a closed casing may be used.

Replacement method for breaking an existing pipe by longitudinal splitting. At the same time a new pipe of the same or larger diameter is pulled in behind the splitting tool.

See Localised Repair

Method of repairing a brick sewer or manhole by the application of cement mortar where loss has occurred.

Method using vacuum excavation for obtaining visual confirmation of utilities and underground obstructions near or crossing the planned bore path.