Conventional Tunneling

Conventional bored tunneling (but not cut-and-cover tunneling) is a “trenchless” technology. The differences in trenchless and tunnelling methods used are primarily influenced by the scale of the installations – with conventional tunneling often dealing with large diameter tunneling and large urban or national infrastructure projects. A wide variety of tunneling techniques exist but are not fully described here. For further information on tunneling technologies, see www.ita-aites.org.